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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=90TT3026>
<title>
Nov. 12, 1990: Mighty Mice
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 82
Mighty Mice
</hdr>
<body>
<p>To study AIDS, scientists give rodents a touch of humanity
</p>
<p> They may not look as strange as a Minotaur or a mermaid, but
some of the mice used in today's research labs are every bit as
wondrous as those mythical combinations of animals and humans.
In 1988 two California immunologists announced that they had
transplanted human immune-system tissues and cells into mice,
causing the rodents to manufacture human antibodies and certain
types of white blood cells. Since that pioneering effort,
"humanized" mice have become invaluable research tools,
particularly in the fight against AIDS and other viral diseases.
</p>
<p> New experiments indicate that tissues from many different
human organs can be put into mice, which should eventually
enable researchers to use the animals for studying a variety of
ailments. "The implications are really extraordinary," says
Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases.
</p>
<p> In a typical project using the method devised by Dr. J.
Michael McCune of San Francisco General Hospital, researchers
take segments of tissue the size of rice grains from the liver,
thymus and lymph nodes of an aborted human fetus and implant
these cells under the kidneys of mice. (The strain of mouse used
lacks an immune system and thus does not reject the foreign
tissue.) Within a month or two, the tiny clusters of
transplanted cells begin to function like miniature human organs
and produce immune-system cells. Since the AIDS virus attacks
such cells, the mice can be infected with the disease. This
enables researchers to study how AIDS progresses and to test
potential drug treatments.
</p>
<p> In other research, scientists are equipping mice with
snippets taken from a human lung, intestine or pancreas. "I
think we could grow and study just about any organ in the
mouse," says McCune. "It's just a matter of finding the place
to grow it."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>